Benelli
Origins
The Benelli brothers founded Benelli Armi in Urbino in 1967.1 The brothers, who already made motorcycles, backed Bruno Civolani’s shotgun project.2 Civolani developed the inertia systemAn inertia action uses the gun’s recoil to cycle a semi-automatic whose barrel stays fixed.Glossary: Inertia action on which the new gun was based.2 In January 1969 Benelli delivered a pilot run of 150 inertia-operated, 12-boreThe bore is the inside of the barrel ahead of the chamber.Glossary: Bore semi-automaticsA semi-automatic reloads itself after each shot and fires once for each pull of the trigger.Glossary: Semi-automatic.3
Benelli links its design to the Renaissance history of Urbino.4 Its plant there has been expanded and modernised over the years.4 Beretta acquired the company in 1983.4 Benelli later set up its American sales subsidiary at Accokeek, Maryland.4
Factories and partners
Benelli built its first Urbino plant in 1968 and expanded it again in 2017.5, 6 In 1975 Paolo Benelli established Benelli Iberica in Spain.7 The American sales subsidiary followed at Accokeek in 1997.8
Benelli belongs to the same group as Beretta, Franchi, Stoeger, Chapuis Armes and Holland & Holland.9 In 2019 a collaboration with students at the Accademia di Belle Arti d’Urbino produced the Raffaello Accademia Limited Edition.10 The students helped develop the gun’s engravingEngraving is decoration cut into a gun’s metal surfaces.Glossary: Engraving designs.10 The collaboration continued and produced several more works within the company.10
Families and models
The Montefeltro introduced Benelli’s rotating locking head in 1983.12 The Raffaello followed in 1987 and combined that locking head with steel-sleeve construction.13 In 1991 the Super Black Eagle brought inertia operation to a 12-bore Super Magnum, and Super Black Eagle 3 followed in 2017.24
The M2 arrived in 2004 as the M1 was phased out.17 It comes in field, slug, tactical and 3-gun versions.25 In 2015 the 828 U extended the range to over-and-unders.19 The 828 U Sport, for Sporting and Compak Sporting, followed in 2018.21
Reading the names and numbers
Benelli expands SL201 as ‘Super Luxury, 20-bore, number 1’.11 BE.S.T., for Benelli Surface Treatment, is a protective surface treatment.26 A.I. stands for Advanced Impact, a patented system combining barrel and chokeChoke is a narrowing of the bore at the muzzle that controls how widely the shot spreads.Glossary: Choke.27 WoodFx is a laser treatment that brings out the grain of the stockThe stock is the part of a gun that the shooter holds and puts to the shoulder.Glossary: Stock and fore-endThe fore-end holds a break-open gun’s barrels to the receiver and can give the shooter’s front hand a hold.Glossary: Fore-end.28
Marks
The 828 U has separate serial numbers for the receiver and the barrels.29 Its official proof marksProof marks are stamps on a gun that record the proof tests it has passed.Glossary: Proof marks show testing by the Banco Nazionale di Prova.30 A lily emblem on a Benelli barrel shows that the National Proof House has tested it for steel-shot ammunition.31 The Italian proof-year stamp changed on 1 June 2020 to the year’s last two digits inside a rectangle.32
Sources
- Benelli’s history, founding. Benelli Armi. maker website
- The inertial System: Civolani and the first pilot run, civolani-and-the-brothers. Benelli Armi, 2022-03-16. maker website
- The inertial System: Civolani and the first pilot run, january-1969-pilot-run. Benelli Armi, 2022-03-16. maker website
- Benelli Sustainability Report 2024, urbino-and-beretta-ownership. Benelli Armi, 2024. maker website
- Benelli’s history, urbino-plant. Benelli Armi. maker website
- Benelli’s history, plant-expansion. Benelli Armi. maker website
- Benelli’s history, iberica. Benelli Armi. maker website
- Benelli’s history, usa. Benelli Armi. maker website
- Iconic brands. Beretta Holding. maker website
- The history of the Benelli Inertial System, urbino-art-partnership-2019. Benelli Armi, 2022-06-30. maker website
- The history of the Benelli Inertial System, sl201-naming. Benelli Armi, 2022-06-30. maker website
- The history of the Benelli Inertial System, montefeltro-1983. Benelli Armi, 2022-06-30. maker website
- The history of the Benelli Inertial System, raffaello-1987. Benelli Armi, 2022-06-30. maker website
- The history of the Benelli Inertial System, super-black-eagle-1991. Benelli Armi, 2022-06-30. maker website
- Benelli’s history, urbino-proof-branch. Benelli Armi. maker website
- Benelli’s history, nova. Benelli Armi. maker website
- Benelli M2 Shotgun Review: The Ultimate Mid-Priced Semiauto, introduction-2004-and-conflicting-acquisition. Outdoor Life, 2025-06-19. magazine
- The history of the Benelli Inertial System, vinci-2009. Benelli Armi, 2022-06-30. maker website
- Benelli’s history, 828-u. Benelli Armi. maker website
- The history of the Benelli Inertial System, sbe3-2017. Benelli Armi, 2022-06-30. maker website
- Benelli’s history, 828-u-sport. Benelli Armi. maker website
- The history of the Benelli Inertial System, 2022-montefeltro. Benelli Armi, 2022-06-30. maker website
- Benelli M2 Shotgun Review: The Ultimate Mid-Priced Semiauto, 2023-revision. Outdoor Life, 2025-06-19. magazine
- The history of the Benelli Inertial System. Benelli Armi, 2022-06-30. maker website
- Benelli M2 Shotgun Review: The Ultimate Mid-Priced Semiauto, use-variants. Outdoor Life, 2025-06-19. magazine
- Benelli’s history, surface-treatment. Benelli Armi. maker website
- Benelli technologies and model names, advanced-impact. Benelli Armi. maker website
- Benelli technologies and model names, woodfx. Benelli Armi. maker website
- Benelli 828 U use and maintenance manual, serial-records. Benelli Armi. manual
- Benelli 828 U use and maintenance manual, proof-marks. Benelli Armi. manual
- Benelli technologies and model names, steel-proof. Benelli Armi. maker website
- Cambio marchio anno di prova. Banco Nazionale di Prova, 2020. proof house